Cholestatic syndrome as initial manifestation of pancreatic metastasis of papillary thyroid carcinoma: case report and review.

Most papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC) harbor excellent prognosis. Although rare, distant metastases normally occur in lungs and/or bones. Here we describe a rare case of pancreatic metastasis presenting with rapid onset cholestatic syndrome. A literature review was also performed. A 73-year-old man with a high risk PTC was submitted to total thyroidectomy (TT) followed by radioiodine therapy. After initial therapy, he persisted with progressive rising serum thyroglobulin levels but with no evidence of structural disease. Recently, the patient presented with a rapid onset and progressive cholestatic syndrome. A 4 cm lesion in pancreas was identified, with echoendoscopy fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) confirming a pancreatic metastasis from PTC. The patient was submitted to a successful pancreaticoduodenectomy. Pancreatic metastases of PTC are rare and few long-term follow-up data are available to guide management. Fourteen cases were former reported, mean age was 65.7 years-old with mean time between PTC and pancreatic metastasis diagnosis of 7.9 years. Nine of them had another distant metastasis, nine were diagnosed by FNAB and just two received sorafenib.

Cholestatic syndrome as initial manifestation of pancreatic metastasis of papillary thyroid carcinoma: case report and review

SUMMARY Most papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC) harbor excellent prognosis. Although rare, distant metastases normally occur in lungs and/or bones. Here we describe a rare case of pancreatic metastasis presenting with rapid onset cholestatic syndrome. A literature review was also performed. A 73-year-old man with a high risk PTC was submitted to total thyroidectomy (TT) followed by radioiodine therapy. After initial therapy, he persisted with progressive rising serum thyroglobulin levels but with no evidence of structural disease. Recently, the patient presented with a rapid onset and progressive cholestatic syndrome. A 4 cm lesion in pancreas was identified, with echoendoscopy fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) confirming a pancreatic metastasis from PTC. The patient was submitted to a successful pancreaticoduodenectomy. Pancreatic metastases of PTC are rare and few long-term follow-up data are available to guide management. Fourteen cases were former reported, mean age was 65.7 years-old with mean time between PTC and pancreatic metastasis diagnosis of 7.9 years. Nine of them had another distant metastasis, nine were diagnosed by FNAB and just two received sorafenib.

Hamartoma condromatoso de parede torácica: relato de caso / Chondromatous chest wall hamartoma: case report

"O hamartoma condromatoso (HC) é um tipo raro de tumor benigno de cartilagem que se origina nos primeiros anos de vida. Na maioria das vezes seu sítio primário é o gradil torácico e pode ou não ter sintomatologia. Suas características histológicas mostram proliferação do tecido conjuntivo cartilaginoso associado a cistos de células ósseas. É de difícil diagnóstico devido sua apresentação histológica. Neste trabalho é relatado um caso de HC e sua evolução"

"Chondromatous hamartoma (HC) is a rare type of benign cartilage tumor that originates in the first years of life. Most of the time its primary site is the thoracic bar and may or may not have symptoms. Its histological characteristics show proliferation of cartilaginous connective tissue associated with bone cell cysts. It is difficult to diagnose due to its histological presentation. This work reports a case of HC and its evolution"

Lower lip squamous cell carcinoma in patients with photosensitive disorders: Analysis of cases treated at the Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA) from 1999 to 2012

Background: Lower lip squamous cell carcinoma (LLSCC) is a common malignancy of the head and neck, being mainly a consequence of a chronic exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light solar radiation. Here, we evaluated the clinicopathological profile of patients with photosensitive disorders (xeroderma pigmentosum, lupus erythematosus and albinism) that developed LLSCC. Material and Methods: Data from patients who had a diagnosed LLSCC with a prior xeroderma pigmentosum, lupus erythematosus or albinism diagnosis that were treated at INCA from 1999 to 2012 were collected from patients' medical records (n=16). The control group was composed of 68 patients with LLSCC without a medical history of photosensitivity. The clinicopathological data of this study population were collected and the association between these variables was analyzed by Fisher's exact test. Survival curves were constructed using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by log-rank test. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS statistics package. Results: The mean age of patients in the photosensitive and non-photosensitive groups was 42 years and 67 years, respectively (p<0.0001). A previous history of malignant diseases was more common in the photosensitive group (p=0.001). In both groups, most tumors showed a pathological stage I/II disease. Overall and cancer-specific survival were not statistically different. However, disease-free interval showed a significant difference (p=0.01) between the photosensitive and non-photosensitive patients. Conclusions: Photosensitive patients presented LLSCC at earlier age but it usually was not the primary tumor in these patients. Furthermore, a more aggressive pathological behavior was not seen when compared with tumors from non-photosensitive patients. The disease-free interval was lower in photosensitive patients, as expected (AU)

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Tumor de Wilms Bilateral Sincrônico: Avaliação Cirúrgica e Sobrevida / Synchronous Bilateral Wilms Tumor: Surgical Evaluation and Survival / Tumor de Wilms bilateral Sincrónico: Evaluación quirúrgica y Sobrevida

Introdução: os tumores renais representam cerca de 7% de todas as neoplasias malignas da infância. o tumor de Wilms bilateral sincrônico corresponde a 5-7% de todos os nefroblastomas. o tratamento consiste em quimioterapia pré-operatória, seguida de cirurgia conservadora, quimioterapia pós-operatória e, quando indicada, radioterapia. Objetivo: analisar o tipo de cirurgia e a sobrevida global dos pacientes com tumor de Wilms bilateral sincrônico. Método: este estudo de coorte retrospectivo incluiu 18 pacientes pediátricos do Hospital do câncer i, do instituto nacional de câncer José alencar Gomes da silva, no rio de Janeiro, de janeiro de 2000 a dezembro de 2017. curvas de sobrevida foram calculadas pelo método Kaplan-Meier. Resultados: a idade mediana ao diagnóstico foi de 19 meses, sendo dez casos do sexo feminino. em 62,5% dos rins operados, foi possível realizar cirurgia conservadora e, em 41,2% (7/17) dos pacientes, em ambos os rins. a sobrevida global em cinco anos, segundo o tipo cirurgia, foi de 87,5% para cirurgia conservadora e de 62,8% para nefrectomia total (p=0,0001). a sobrevida global em cinco anos para a coorte inteira foi de 70,8%. Conclusão: a cirurgia preservadora de tecido renal em crianças com o tumor de Wilms bilateral sincrônico é viável e pode ser realizada com segurança em centros de referência.

Introduction: Kidney tumors account for about 7% of all childhood malignancies. synchronous bilateral Wilms tumor corresponds to 5-7% of all nephroblastomas. The treatment consists of preoperative chemotherapy, followed by conservative surgery, postoperative chemotherapy and, when indicated, radiotherapy. Objective: to analyze the type of surgery and the overall survival of patients with synchronous bilateral Wilms tumor. Method: This retrospective cohort study included 18 pediatric patients from the Hospital do cancer i, from the national cancer institute José alencar Gomes da silva, in rio de Janeiro, from January 2000 to december 2017. survival curves were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results:The median age at diagnosis was 19 months, and 10 patients were female. it was possible to perform conservative surgery in 62.5% of the kidneys, and in 41.2% (7/17) of patients in both kidneys. The 5-year overall survival according to the type of surgery was 87.5% for conservative surgery and 62.8% for radical nephrectomy (p=0.0001). The 5-year overall survival of the entire cohort was 70.8%. Conclusion: conservative surgery in pediatric synchronous bilateral Wilms tumor is feasible and can be performed safely in reference centers.

Introducción:los tumores renales representan alrededor del 7% de todas las neoplasias malignas de la infancia. el tumor de Wilms bilateral sincrónico corresponde al 5-7% de todos los nefroblastomas. el tratamiento consiste en quimioterapia preoperatoria, seguida de cirugía conservadora, quimioterapia postoperatoria y, cuando indicada, la radioterapia. Objetivo: analizar el tipo de cirugía y la supervivencia global de los pacientes con un tumor de Wilms bilateral sincrónico. Método: este estudio de cohorte retrospectivo incluyó 18 pacientes pediátricos del Hospital del cáncer i, del instituto nacional de cáncer José alencar Gomes da silva, nel río de Janeiro, de enero de 2000 a diciembre de 2017. las curvas de sobrevida fueron calculadas por el método Kaplan-Meier. Resultados: la edad media al diagnóstico fue de 19 meses, siendo diez casos del sexo femenino. en el 62,5% de los riñones operados fue posible realizar cirugía conservadora, siendo en el 41,2% (7/17) de los pacientes en los dos riñones. la supervivencia global en cinco años según el tipo de cirugía fue de 87,5% para cirugía conservadora y de 62,8% nefrectomía total (p=0,0001). la supervivencia global en cinco años para la cohorte entera fue del 70,8%. Conclusión: la cirugía conservadora en niños con el tumor de Wilms bilateral sincrónico es viable y puede ser realizada con seguridad en centros de referencia

Alterações Citogenético-Moleculares no Gene FOXO1 em uma Criança com Rabdomiossarcoma Alveolar: Relato de Caso / Citogenetic-Molecular Alterations in FOXO1 Gene in a Child with Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma: Case Report / Cambios Citogenetico-moleculares en el gene fOxO1 en un Niño con Rabdomiossarcoma Alveolar: Relato de Caso

Introdução: o rabdomiossarcoma (rMs) é o tumor de tecidos moles mais comum da infância. Pode ser classificado em dois subtipos principais: o rabdomiossarcoma alveolar (rMsa) e o embrionário (rMse). no rMsa, o prognóstico é desfavorável quando comparado ao rMse, necessitando de tratamento intensificado; dessa forma, a distinção entre ambos os subtipos é fundamental. citogeneticamente, o rMsa apresenta translocações cromossômicas envolvendo o gene FOXO1 em 80% dos casos. a metodologia de hibridização in situ por fluorescência (FisH) tem sido muito utilizada para caracterizar o rMsa. Relato do caso: Paciente do sexo feminino, com 7 anos de idade, apresentou ao diagnóstico rMsa parameníngeo, sem metástase ao diagnóstico. a análise por meio de FisH mostrou a translocação envolvendo o gene FOXO1 e uma cópia extra desse gene. a paciente foi incluída no protocolo de tratamento do epssG, classificada como grupo de alto risco e recebeu quimioterapia e radioterapia. no final do tratamento, foi observada resposta parcial e iniciada quimioterapia de segunda linha. não houve resposta clinicorradiológica e a paciente evoluiu com progressão de doença local refratária ao tratamento e óbito após um ano do diagnóstico. Conclusão: de acordo com o nosso conhecimento, é a primeira descrição de um caso de rMsa apresentando a translocação do gene FOXO1 e uma cópia extra desse gene em clones separados. são necessários ainda novos estudos, a fim de compreender melhor o significado prognóstico da presença dessas alterações.

Introduction:rhabdomyosarcoma (rMs) is the most common soft tissue tumor of childhood. it can be classified into two main subtypes: alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (arMs) and embryonal (erMs). in arMs the prognosis is unfavorable when compared to erMs, requiring intensified treatment, thus the distinction between both subtypes is fundamental. cytogenetically, arMs present chromosomal translocations involving the FOXO1 gene in 80% of the cases. The fluorescence in situ hybridization methodology (FisH) has been widely used to characterize arMs subtype. Case Report: a 7-year-old female patient presented with parameningeal arMs, non-metastatic at diagnosis. FisH analysis showed translocation involving the FOXO1 gene and an extra copy of this gene. The patient was enrolled in the epssG treatment protocol, classified as a high-risk group and received chemotherapy and radiotherapy. at the end of treatment a partial response was observed, and second line chemotherapy was started. There was no clinical-radiological response and the patient progressed with local disease, refractory to rescue treatment and died of disease one year after diagnosis. Conclusion:to our knowledge, this is the first case of arMs presenting FOXO1 gene translocation and an extra copy of this gene in separate clones. More studies are necessary to understand the prognostic significance of these alterations

Introducción: el rabdomiosarcoma (rMs) es el tumor de tejidos blandos más común de la infancia. el rMs puede clasificarse en dos subtipos principales, el rabdomiosarcoma alveolar (rMsa) y el embrionario (rMse). el rMsa presenta un pronóstico desfavorable si se compara al rMse, habiendo así necesidad de intensificación del tratamiento. de esta forma, la distinción entre rMsa y rMse es fundamental. citogéticamente, el rMsa presenta en cerca del 80% de los casos de translocación cromosómica que involucra el gen FOXO1. la metodología de Hibridación fluorescente in situ (FisH) ha sido muy utilizada para caracterizar el rMsa. Caso de estudio: Paciente del sexo femenino, de 7 años de edad presentada con un diagnóstico de rMsa parameningeo, sin metástasis. el análisis a través del FisH mostró la translocación envolviendo el gen FOXO1 y una copia extra de este gen. la paciente fue incluida en el protocolo de tratamiento del epssG, clasificado como grupo de alto riesgo y recibió quimioterapia y radioterapia. al final del tratamiento fue observada una respuesta parcial y se inició la quimioterapia de segunda línea. no hubo respuesta clínico-radiológica y la paciente evolucionó con progresión de enfermedad local, refractaria y óbito después de 1 año del diagnóstico. Conclusión: de acuerdo con nuestro conocimiento, este es el primer caso de un niño con rMsa presentando la translocación del gen FOXO1 y una copia extra de este gen en clones separados. se necesitan nuevos estudios para comprender mejor el significado pronóstico de la presencia de estos cambios.

Is there a role for epithelial-mesenchymal transition in adrenocortical tumors?

PURPOSE: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a biological dynamic process by which epithelial cells lose their epithelial phenotype and acquire mesenchymal invasive and migratory characteristics. This has been postulated as an essential step during cancer progression and metastasis. Although this is well described in other tumors, the role of EMT in adrenocortical tumors (ACT) has yet to be addressed. METHODS: The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of EMT markers e-cadherin, vimentin, and fibronectin, along with EMT-transcription factors (EMT-TFs), TWIST1, SIP1, and SNAIL in 24 adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC), 19 adrenocortical adenomas (ACA), 27 childhood-onset adrenocortical tumors (CAT), and 12 normal adrenal glands. The association of EMT and EMT-TFs with clinical outcomes and pathology features were also evaluated. RESULTS: Cytoplasmic vimentin expression was increased among CAT samples when compared to ACC, ACA, and normal adrenal samples (p < 0.001). There was no difference in e-cadherin and fibronectin expression observed between groups. Nuclear and cytoplasmic expression of TWIST1 and SIP1 was stronger in CAT and ACC vs. ACA and normal tissue samples (all, p < 0.05). ACT, regardless of classification, exhibited increased SNAIL expression when compared to normal tissue (p < 0.05). A significant correlation was observed between vimentin and TWIST1 (r s = 0.44, p < 0.001); SIP1 (r s = 0.51, p < 0.001); and SNAIL (r s = 0.23, p < 0.05). TWIST1 and SIP1 expressions demonstrated a significant correlation (r s = 0.56, p < 0.001). High SIP1 expression was associated with a lower survival rate among ACC cases (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Vimentin, TWIST1, and SIP1 expressions are increased in aggressive ACT. Therefore, EMT may play a relevant role in adrenal tumorigenesis.

Padronização da análise de mutações no gene TP53 em carcinomas de células escamosas de boca em material parafinado / Standardization of TP53 gene mutations analysis on oral squamous cell carcinoma from paraffin-embedded tissues

Introduction: The tumor protein p53 gene (TP53) is a constant target of investigation in cancer pathogenesis. Analysis by immunohistochemistry provides limited data about p53 in oral carcinogenesis, and TP53 sequencing can contribute to this analysis. However, obtaining high-quality and contamination-free deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) for a proper amplification can be a difficult task when using paraffin-embedded tissues. Objective: Standardize DNA extraction, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and DNA sequencing techniques for TP53 mutation analysis. Material and methods: Thirty-nine cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) were selected from the Pathology Division of Instituto Nacional de Câncer (Inca). The DNA extraction method used was the QIAamp® DNA minikit® system. After DNA quantification by spectrophotometry, 250 ng of genetic material obtained from TP53 gene were amplified by PCR for exon 2 and by nested PCR for exon 6. Out of the total sample, 11 cases were selected for exon 2 sequencing. Results: The DNA samples presented mean concentration of 119.74 ± 88.86 ng/µl (28.9-556.4) and purity of 1.69 ± 0.18 (1-1.9). Thirty-three (84.6%) samples were amplified for exon 2, and all samples for exon 6 (39/100%). Readable sequencing data were obtained in 10 (90.9%) cases. Conclusion: Optimization of conditions for TP53 sequencing was obtained, and this will facilitate the analysis of mutations in paraffin-embedded tissues, allowing molecular retrospective studies...

Introdução: O gene TP53 (proteína tumoral p53) é alvo constante de investigação na patogênese do câncer. A imuno-histoquímica fornece dados limitados na análise de p53 no processo da carcinogênese bucal e o sequenciamento de TP53 pode contribuir nessa investigação. Contudo, a obtenção de ácido desoxirribonucleico (DNA) com qualidade para amplificação e livre de contaminação pode constituir uma tarefa difícil na utilização de material parafinado. Objetivo: Padronizar as técnicas de extração de DNA, amplificação por reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) e sequenciamento para a análise de mutações em TP53. Material e métodos: Foram selecionados 39 casos de carcinomas de células escamosas bucal da Divisão de Patologia do Instituto Nacional de Câncer (Inca). O DNA foi extraído utilizando o sistema comercial QIAamp® DNA minikit®. Após quantificação do DNA por espectrofotometria, 250 ng de amostra foram amplificados pela técnica de PCR para o éxon 2 e por nested PCR para o éxon 6 do gene TP53. Da amostra total, 11 casos foram selecionados para a padronização da reação de sequenciamento do éxon 2. Resultados: As amostras de DNA apresentaram concentração média de 119,74 ng/µl ± 88,86 (28,9-556,4 ng/µl) e pureza de 1,69 ± 0,18 (1-1,9). Do total das amostras analisadas, 33 (84,6%) foram amplificadas para o éxon 2, e todas (39/100%), para o éxon 6. No sequenciamento do éxon 2 obtiveram-se sequências passíveis de leitura em 10 (90,9%) casos. Conclusão: A otimização das condições para o sequenciamento de TP53 foi obtida, o que facilitará a análise de mutações em tecidos parafinados, permitindo...

HPV infection in Brazilian patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: interpopulational differences, lack of correlation with surrogate markers and clinicopathological parameters.

The role of HPV in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCCs) is controversial. Therefore, we determined, through different methodologies, the prevalence of HPV in 264 ESCC samples from Brazil, and correlated it with the presence of surrogate markers and clinicopathological characteristics. HPV is present in 13% of ESCC, and with a 3-fold variation between high and medium incidence areas. Most HPV positive tumors were infected with HPV16, but this was not associated with p16 expression, TP53 mutation status, patient age, amount of tobacco or alcohol consumption, or overall survival. We conclude that HPV infection may not have a role in ESCC.

Can the lymph node reactivity pattern in the pN0 neck analysis provide any additional prognostic information in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma? / A análise do padrão de reatividade linfonodal no pescoço pN0 pode fornecer alguma informação prognóstica adicional em pacientes com carcinoma epidermoide de laringe?

Objective: To evaluate the influence of lymph node reactivity on recurrence and survival rates in a population of pT3 or pT4 pN0 patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Methods: Between 2002 and 2005, 105 patients with LSSC underwent total laryngectomy with bilateral selective neck dissection including levels II, III and IV. Most (69) received PO radiotherapy. All pathological specimens were either pT3 or pT4, and all necks were pN0. All lymph nodes were analyzed and their reactivity status were classified as the following four patterns: follicular hyperplasia associated with humoral response, paracortical hyperplasia associated with cellular response, sinus histiocytosis with no association with specific immune response, or normal lymph node. Only the first two patterns were considered stimulated, whereas the last two were considered non-stimulated. The most prevalent pattern in a particular neck specimen was considered for the analysis of recurrence and survival. Results: The total number of lymph nodes studied was 3,648, with an average of 34.7 lymph nodes/neck specimens. The most frequent lymph node reactivity patterns were sinusal histiocytosis (50 cases), paracortical hyperplasia (35 cases), and follicular hyperplasia (20 cases). There was no statistical association of these individual patterns with recurrence rate (p = 0.98) or mortality (p = 0.49). However, there was a statistically significant association between paracortical hyperplasia pattern (related to cellular lymph node immunity) and improved five-year survival (76 versus 60%; log-rank = 0.05). Conclusions: There was a positive correlation between stimulated cellular lymph node pattern and improved 5-year survival rate in patients with pN0 laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, suggesting the indication of adjuvant treatment for those individuals with decreased immune response, even in the absence of pathologic metastases detected by the usual methods.

Objetivo: Avaliar a importância da reatividade linfonodal na recidiva e mortalidade em pacientes com carcinoma epidermoide de laringe estagiados como pT3 ou pT4 pN0 M0. Métodos: Entre 2002 e 2005, foram selecionados 105 pacientes matriculados na Seção de Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço do Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA) com o diagnóstico de carcinoma epidermoide de laringe, com estágio III ou IV. A radioterapia foi indicada em 69 casos. Todos os pacientes foram estagiados como pT3 ou pT4 e pN0. Todos os linfonodos ressecados foram analisados e classificados conforme os quatro padrões de reatividade linfonodal: hiperplasia folicular associada à resposta imune humoral, hiperplasia paracortical associada à resposta imune celular, histiocitose sinusal sem relação com resposta imune específica, e linfonodo normal. Os dois primeiros padrões são definidos como linfonodos estimulados e os dois últimos como linfonodos não-estimulados. O padrão linfonodal mais frequente em cada paciente foi considerado para a análise da relação com a recidiva e mortalidade. Resultados: Foi analisado um total de 3.648 linfonodos, com média de 34,7 linfonodos por paciente. O padrão de reatividade mais frequente foi a histiocitose sinusal (50 casos), seguido da hiperplasia paracortical (35 casos) e da hiperplasia folicular (20 casos), sendo esses padrões sem relação com a recidiva (p = 0,98) ou mortalidade (p = 0,49). No entanto, o estímulo da imunidade celular relacionada à hiperplasia paracervical apresentou relação com significância estatística com melhor sobrevida global em cinco anos (76 versus 60%; log-rank = 0,05). Conclusões: houve correlação positiva entre o padrão de estímulo da imunidade celular e o aumento da sobrevida em cinco anos em paciente pN0 com carcinoma epidermoide de laringe sugerindo a indicação de tratamento adjuvante em casos que apresentarem diminuição da imunidade celular mesmo na ausência de metástases patológicas detectadas pelos métodos habituais.

Can the lymph node reactivity pattern in the pN0 neck analysis provide any additional prognostic information in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma?

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of lymph node reactivity on recurrence and survival rates in a population of pT3 or pT4 pN0 patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS: Between 2002 and 2005, 105 patients with LSSC underwent total laryngectomy with bilateral selective neck dissection including levels II, III and IV. Most (69) received PO radiotherapy. All pathological specimens were either pT3 or pT4, and all necks were pN0. All lymph nodes were analyzed and their reactivity status were classified as the following four patterns: follicular hyperplasia associated with humoral response, paracortical hyperplasia associated with cellular response, sinus histiocytosis with no association with specific immune response, or normal lymph node. Only the first two patterns were considered stimulated, whereas the last two were considered non-stimulated. The most prevalent pattern in a particular neck specimen was considered for the analysis of recurrence and survival. RESULTS: The total number of lymph nodes studied was 3,648, with an average of 34.7 lymph nodes/neck specimens. The most frequent lymph node reactivity patterns were sinusal histiocytosis (50 cases), paracortical hyperplasia (35 cases), and follicular hyperplasia (20 cases). There was no statistical association of these individual patterns with recurrence rate (p = 0.98) or mortality (p = 0.49). However, there was a statistically significant association between paracortical hyperplasia pattern (related to cellular lymph node immunity) and improved five-year survival (76 versus 60%; log-rank = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: There was a positive correlation between stimulated cellular lymph node pattern and improved 5-year survival rate in patients with pN0 laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, suggesting the indication of adjuvant treatment for those individuals with decreased immune response, even in the absence of pathologic metastases detected by the usual methods.

Associação da classificação da OMS e da AHR com fatores clínico-patológicos do câncer de boca / WHO classification and HRA association with clinico pathological features of oral cancer prognostic factors

Estudos demonstram que as classificações histopatológicas auxiliam na análise do grau de malignidade do carcinoma de células escamosas (CCE) bucal. Esse trabalho estudou o perfil de 44 pacientes diagnosticados no Inca, em 1999, aplicando as classificações histopatológicas da OMS e a Avaliação Histopatológica de Risco(AHR), associando-as com fatores clínico-patológicos. A maioria dos carcinomas foi classificada como moderadamente diferenciada e de risco intermediário. A associação da OMS e da AHR com as variáveis clínico-patológicas estudadas não mostrou resultados estatisticamente significativos. Recomenda-se a aplicação das classificações utilizadas em amostra ampliada, a fim de validar os resultados apresentados.

Análise de sobrevida global em pacientes diagnosticados com carcinoma de células escamosas de boca no INCA no ano de 1999 / Overall survival analysis in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients diagnosed at the National Cancer Institute in 1999

O carcinoma de células escamosas de boca compreende cerca de 90 a 95 por cento de todas as neoplasias malignas da boca e é um dos tipos de câncer mais frequentes no Brasil. O índice de sobrevida em 5 anos é baixo e permaneceu estável nas últimas décadas, apesar dos avanços nas terapias. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o perfil e a sobrevida global dos pacientes diagnosticados com carcinoma de células escamosas de boca no ano de 1999 no Instituto Nacional de Câncer. Dos 320 pacientes incluídos no estudo, 79,4 por cento eram homens. A idade média foi de 56,7 anos, e 82,2 por cento deles fumavam e/ou bebiam. A língua, seguida do assoalho de boca foram os locais mais acometidos. A maioria (68,9 por cento) dos pacientes foi diagnosticada em estádios tardios e submetida à radioterapia exclusiva (53,6 por cento). A sobrevida média no período do estudo foi de 29,4 meses. Os pacientes dos estádios iniciais apresentaram maior sobrevida, assim como aqueles submetidos apenas à cirurgia como forma de tratamento e os que não apresentaram linfonodos acometidos ao diagnóstico. Tumores localizados em palato duro e mucosa jugal apresentaram pior prognóstico. Foram fatores preditivos independentes de melhor sobrevida os tumores T1 ou T2 (p=0,001), sem acometimento de linfonodos (p=0,012) e não localizados em mucosa jugal (p=0,021). O diagnóstico do câncer oral ainda se faz em estádios tardios, o que influencia negativamente a sobrevida global dos pacientes. Maior ênfase deve ser dada à capacitação dos profissionais para o reconhecimento precoce do câncer e à conscientização da população de risco.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma accounts for 90 to 95 percent of all malignant neoplasms of the mouth and it is one of most common cancers in Brazil. Five-year survival rates remain low and have not improved over the past decades, despite advances in therapy. The purpose of this study was to analyze the features and overall survival of patients diagnosed with oral squamous cell carcinoma in 1999 at the National Institute of Cancer. Male patients (79.4 percent) with a medium age of 56.7 years, with smoking or drinking habits (82.2 percent) comprised most of the sample. Tongue and floor of the mouth were the most prevalent sites of occurrence. Patients were diagnosed mainly at advanced stages of the disease (68.9 percent stages III and IV) and were treated with radiation therapy alone (53.6 percent). Mean survival was 29.4 months, and patients diagnosed in early stages had better survival rates, as well as those who were surgically treated and those who did not show cervical node metastasis at diagnosis. Tumors located in the palate or in the buccal mucosa presented the worst prognosis. Cox regression analysis showed that T1 or T2 lesions (p=0.001), with no neck metastasis (p=0.012) and anatomic site other than buccal mucosa (p=0.021) were independent predictive factors of a better survival rate. Oral cancer diagnosis still occurs in advanced stages, and it negatively influences overall survival, so there should be efforts to prepare and train professionals to recognize lesions at early stages and to make the population at greatest risk aware of the disease.

Conservative treatment of penile melanoma: case report and literature review

Melanomas do pênis são tumores malignos muito agressivos. Descrevemos o caso de um paciente com uma lesão confinada ao prepúcio e com linfonodos inguinais clinicamente negativos, tratados conservadoramente. O pacientesubmeteu-se à ressecção alargada da lesão para tratamento e diagnóstico. O tratamento das regiões inguinais em pacientes com melanoma de pênis permanece controvertido, uma vez que a incidência de doença metastática é significativamente mais baixa nos pacientes com estádios patológicos iniciais. Como nesse paciente o estádio patológico do melanoma de pênis era T2a (profundidade 1,9 mm, sem ulceração), decidimos usar linfocintigrafia pré-operatória, mapeamento intra-operatório dos linfonodos e biópsia do linfonodo sentinela para avaliar o comprometimento metastático inguinal. Cortes de congelação do linfonodo sentinela direito retirado foram negativos para malignidade e nenhum tratamento adjuvante foi realizado. A ressecção alargada da lesão permitiu efetivocontrole local do tumor peniano e o paciente é mantido em acompanhamento clínico pós-operatório.

Melanomas of the penis are highly aggressive malignant tumors. We report on a patient with a lesion confined tothe prepuce and with clinically negative inguinal lymph nodes, treated conservatively. The patient underwent wide local excision (WLE) for treatment and histological diagnosis. Treatment of the inguinal region in patients withpenile melanoma remains controversial, since the incidence of metastatic disease in those with early pathologicalstagedisease is significantly lower. Since our patient presented penile melanoma pathological stage T2a (depth 1.9mm, without ulceration), we chose to use pre-operative lymphoscintigraphy, intra-operative lymph node mapping,and sentinel node biopsy to evaluate inguinal metastatic involvement. Frozen sections in an excised right sentinelnode were negative, and no adjuvant treatment was performed. WLE provided effective local control of the peniletumor, and the patient remains under postoperative surveillance.